Red drop LAB.
HC Professionals

Login

STI 101

  • STIs
  • 3 min. read

What are STIs ?

Sexually Transmitted Infections and diseases (STI / STD) are infections that are primarily spread through sexual contact (vaginal, anal, oral). They are caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites and can affect anyone who is sexually active, regardless of gender, age, or sexual orientation. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent complications and transmission. By understanding STIs, their symptoms, and prevention methods, individuals can take charge of their sexual health.

Types

STIs can be categorized into several types based on their causative agents:

Bacterial STIs

  • Chlamydia: Often asymptomatic; can lead to serious reproductive issues.
  • Gonorrhea: Can cause severe complications if untreated.
  • Syphilis: Characterized by distinct stages; treatment is crucial.

Viral STIs

  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): Attacks the immune system, potentially leading to AIDS.
  • Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV): Causes painful sores; can be managed but is not curable.
  • Human Papillomavirus (HPV): Most common STI; can lead to cervical cancer.

Parasitic STIs

  • Trichomoniasis: Often asymptomatic; treatable with medication.

Symptoms

Symptoms can vary widely. Some may be asymptomatic, while others can exhibit:

  • Unusual discharge from the genitals
  • Painful urination
  • Genital sores or warts
  • Pelvic pain
  • Pain during intercourse

It’s important to remember that experiencing symptoms is not a requirement for an STI diagnosis. Regular screening is recommended.

Treatments

Treatment varies based on the type of STI:

  • Bacterial STIs: Typically treated with antibiotics.
  • Viral STIs: Antiviral medications can manage symptoms but don’t eliminate the virus.
  • Parasitic STIs: Treated with prescribed medication.

Regular check-ups and timely treatment are key to effective management.

Prevention

  • Safe Sex Practices: Using condoms can significantly reduce the risk of transmission.
  • Regular Testing: Knowing your status and that of your partners is essential.
  • Vaccinations: Vaccines exist for HPV and Hepatitis B.
  • Limiting Sexual Partners: Reducing the number of partners can decrease risk.

Myths

  1. STIs only affect those with multiple partners.
    WRONG: Anyone who is sexually active can contract an STI.
  2. You can tell if someone has an STI just by looking at them.
    WRONG: Many STIs can be asymptomatic; only testing can confirm.
  3. STIs are not a serious health concern.
    WRONG: Untreated STIs can lead to severe health issues, including infertility and increased risk of HIV.
  4. Only women can transmit STIs.
    WRONG: Both men and women can be carriers and transmitters of STIs.

References

Sexually transmitted infections I WHO